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Off-Grid Electrical Systems in Developing Countries

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Over one billion people do not have access to electricity. The majority live in developing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The consequences of this form of energy poverty can be severe. Most activities end at sunset, unless dangerous and expensive kerosenelamps or candles are used. Children breathe air polluted by smoke from open fires. Women give birth in darkness or without the aid of life-saving electronic medical devices. Rural communities become even more isolated without access to news and information by radio or television. rnNow, perhaps more than ever, electricity access has caught the attention of the global community. Access to affordable and sustainable energy is one of the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals. Large philanthropic and development organization are prioritizing electricity access. Even multi-billion-dollar technology companies have started electricity access initiatives. rnAn estimated US$50 billion per year in needed through 2030 to achieve universal electricity access. It is estimated that over 100,000 mini-grids will be needed, and that one in three households presently without electricity access will have an off-grid system of some form. This will not happen without a workforce of engineers well prepared to innovate and design systems in the unique context of off-grid communities in developing countries.rnThe purpose of this book is to provide engineers with the essential foundational knowledge of designing and operating off-grid electricity systems in developing countries. This is a first-of-its-kind book that brings together the electrical engineering concepts relevant to off-grid systems. The scope is broad. Throughout the book, examples, design approaches, and practical considerations especially relevant to off-grid systems in developing countries are provided.rnThe book focuses on electrical aspects of off-grid systems. It assumes the reader has basic proficiency in DC and AC circuit analysis, including phasor and stead-state power analysis. Previous exposure to balanced three-phase circuit analysis is helpful, but not required. Wherever possible, the single-phase (per-phase) model is used. It is appropriate for third or fourth year undergraduate students, or firts year graduate students. Although aspects of renewable energy engineering and power electronics are covered, it does not replace a course or book dedicated to these topics. Practitioneers may find the book as a useful reference.rnThe book is arranged in four parts. The first part, Chaps. 1 to 4, is focused on electricity access in general. Chapters 1 and 2 describe the state of energy consumption in the world in general, and in off-grid communities in developing countries in particular. Chapter 3 describes electricity access through grid extension, whereas Chap. 4 introduces off-grid systems.rnThe second part of this book, Chaps. 5 through 7, is focused on the energy conversion technologies used in off-grid systems. Readers with a background in renewable energy and electromechanical energy conversion may find some of this material familiar. However, the information is presented considering small-scale off-grid applications, which most readers will find fresh.rnThe third part of this book, Chaps. 8 and 9, covers energy storage and electronic conversters and controllers. Chemical batterries are incredibly important in many off-grid systems, yet most engineers do not have a firm understanding of the underlying electrochemistry. Chapter 9 discusses converters. Readers with a background in power electronics will find some concepts familiar. rnThe fourth and final part of the book ties the concepts presented in the previous chapters. In Chap. 10 we see the components discussed in the second and thrid part of the book operate together in an off-grid system. Chapter 11 begins a two-chapter description of how off-grid systems are designed, begining with load and resource assessment. Off-grid system design is the focus of Chap. 12. Here a realistic example of a solar-based mini-grid is used to illustrate the design of the energy production and distribution systems. Chapter 13 is focused on solar home systems and solar lanterns. The book with a short chapter on practical considerations.

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Ketersediaan

090101978

Tersedia

Informasi Detil

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

621.3 032 24

Penerbit

springer : United States of America., 2018

Deskripsi Fisik

xxiii, 481 p.

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

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Klasifikasi

621.3 032 24

Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

-

Subyek

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Info Detil Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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