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voltage quality in electrical power systems
The problem of voltage quality is gaining increasing importance due to the widespread use of power electronics (increasing emitted interference) on the one hand, and the reduction in the signal levels in electronic equipment (increased interference susceptibility) on the other hand. The voltage quality depends on various phenomena of the network perturbations, one of which, the conducted disturbance, is examined in this book.rnThis book deals with the subject of voltage quality from a practical viewpoint but without omitting the methematical aspects. The problems set out in this book are taken from many examples of operating practiceand methods of solving these problems are indicated. Practical tasks and examples of applicationsgiven in individual chapters deal with the topic in more detail.rnAs this book is a translation from a German book, published in the VDE-Verlag, VDE classification is always mentoned. However the standards in this book are designated to the EN numbers and so far as EN numbers are not available to documents of the IEC. The original German book presents a separate chapter with a detailed reference list of the standards and VDE-specifications. As a detailed overview of the standards in relation to the VDE-specification will be of less use for the reader in the international market, the reader is referred to section 1.3 of this book, which indicates the general structure of standards, and to the publications of the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC. The particular features of standardization are dealt with in individula chapters where appears practical. Status of the standards is based on the best knowledge of the authors in May 2001.rnChapter 1 is a general introduction to the subject. The mathematical basics required, in conjunction with the subject of voltage quality, are also refreshed. Chapter 2 outlines in detail the occurrance, calculation and effects of harmonics and intermediate harmonics in networks. Chapter 3 deals with voltage fluctuations and flicker. Flicker is calculated using empirical formulae for periodic changes and also for random signals. Chapter 4 covers causes, description and effects of asymmetries. The measurement and assessment of system pertubations are given in detail in Chapter 5, with general selection criteria for methods and systems of measurement being worked out. Chapter 6 gives measures for the improvement of voltage quality. This chapter deals not only with standard methods, but also shows how innovative methods and equipment may be used. Chapter 7 provides all the instruction for practical procedures, all of which are based on the comprehensive practical experience of the authors.rnWithin the context pf this book, the three phases of the power system are named R, Y, and B instead of L1, L2, and L3. The three components of the symmetrical components are named positive, negative and zero sequence system instead of positive, negative and zero phase-system for easier reading.
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