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Electrical Safety of Low-Voltage Systems

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Minimize voltage exposures and mitigate shock risks using expert life-safety measures and design solutions from an engineering professional. Through comprehensive explanations, mathematical analysis, and ciruit diagrams, Electrical Safety of Low-Voltage Systems provides the latest bonding and grounding strategies. Identify and quantify hazards, prevent faults and overvoltages, properly size conductors, and develop sound earthing systems. This comprehensive guide includes details on complying with current codes, working in high-risk locations, and testing system components.rnElectrical safety may be perceived only as a list of prudent actions to or not to undertake in the presence of energized objects, constituting the defense against direct contact with live parts. However, the safety of person also depends on their exposure to indirect contact, that is, contact with parts normally no in tension, but likely to become energized due to faults. Thus, the attitude toward live parts is not the only key in preventing acidents.rnThis book, prompted by this concept, is an attempt, from the academic point of view, to bridge the existing gap between life-safety electrical issues in low-voltage systems (i.e., not exceeding 1 kV) and their proper comprehension and design solution, in light of applicable IEC and IEEE standards. rnThe book's audience consists of electrical engineering students who need to know the principles of electrical safety as well as professional engineers who are involved in the bonding and grounding of power systems. Background requirements include a knowledge of a.c. electric circuits, algebra, complex numbers, and basic calculus.rnEach chapter is arranged in a format that is aimed at promoting the reader's understanding by providing many figures and equivalent circuit to clarify, both visually and analytically, the concepts discussed, such as the determination of fault currents and touch voltages. Several chapters also have a section of frequently asked questions at the end, with relative answers based on the actual inputs of students and professionals.rnThe first three chapters explain the fundamental principles of electrical safety, providing the basic concepts of protection againts direct contact and indirect contact as well as the mathematical interpretation of safety and risk of standard protective measures.rnChapters 4 discusses the role of the earth as an available return path to the supply sources of fault currents, thus analyzing the theory of ground potentials and ground resistances of electrodes.rnChapter 5 describes the effects of currents passing through the human body as interfering with the body's own electricity as well as causing thermal stress to its tissues. This chapter also explains the concepts of permissible body current and permissible touch voltage as used in IEC and IEEE technical standards.rnChapter 6 through 9 explain the protection againts indirect contact in different grounding systems, such as TT, TN, PME, and IT, and detail voltage exposures and protective issues in each of them.rnChapter 10 is devoted to the extra-low-voltage systems and describes the safety issues arising under fault conditions.rnChapter 11 describes the fundamental components of earthing arrangements, explains their functions, and provides minimum acceptable sizes following applicable technical standards. An analytical method to determine the minimum cross-sectional area of protective conductors, assuming an adiabatic thermal process during faults, is also offered.rnChapter 12 discusses the effects of overvoltages, in particular the temporary ones, within different types of grounding systems as well as the stress voltages that may arise under fault conditions, possibly causing the breakdown of the basic insulation of equipment.rnChapter 13 examines the safety issues caused by static electricity and residual voltages, eventually present on de-energized items. The energy stored in charged objects is calculated and the mitigation strategies to reduce it are described.rnChapter 14 discusses the methodologies of measurement employed during the design phase (e.g., soil resistivity test) and after the installation of the electrical system as well as prior to putting it into service (e.g., earth resistance test).rnThe final chapter analyzes the safety requirements against indirect contact employed in special installations or locations, where environmental conditions may increase the risk of indirect contact (i.e., marinas, trains stations, swimming pools, surgery rooms, ets.)rnThe three appendices discuss the basic concepts of sinusoids and phasors, the fundamental conventions, and the network theorems that are extensively used throughout the text. Their purposes is to give the reader a basic theoretical support for the comprehension of the technical methodologies profusely applied in the book.

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Ketersediaan

090101876

Tersedia

Informasi Detil

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

621.3 019 3 MIT e

Penerbit

Mc Graw Hill : New York., 2009

Deskripsi Fisik

xv, 288 p.

Bahasa

Indonesia

ISBN/ISSN

-

Klasifikasi

NONE

Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

-

Edisi

-

Subyek

-

Info Detil Spesifik

-

Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

-

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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