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Lithium Batteries and Other Electrochemical Storage Systems

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Lithium batteries were introduced relatively recently in comparison to lead or nickel based batteries, which have been around for over 100 years. Nevertheless, in the space of 20 years around for over 100 years. Nevertheless, in the space of 20 years, they have aquired a considerable market share - particularly for the supply of mobile devices. For large scale storage system, other types of batteries are also worthy of consideration; hot batteries and redox flow systems, for example.rnThis book begins by showing the diversity of applications for secondary batteries and the main characteristics required of them in terms of storage. After a chapter presenting the definitions and measuring methods used in the world of electrochemical storage, and another that gives examples of the applications of batteries, the remainder of this book is given over to describing the batteries developed recently (end of the 20th century) which are now being commercialized, as well as those with a bright future. The authors also touch upon the increasingly rapid evolution of the technologies, particularly regarding lithium batteries, for which the avenues of research are extremely varied.rnWhether for mobile, on-board or stationary applications, it is of crucial importance to have high-performing storage systems, whose manufacturing, use and recycling costs are reasonable and which offer good operational safety. In view of the extent of application domains, and of the diversity of usage profiles and technical /economic criteria which need to be satisfied, it is undeniable that no single technology can serve all these needs. The first part of this book Chapter 1-3 outlines the storage requirements and the most widely-used technologies for each of these, the definitions used to characterize accumulators, and gives examples of the usage of electrochemical storage. The rest of the book describes the most recently introduced electrochemical secondary batteries: lithium technologies and the most recent accumulators (redox-flow batteries, high-temperature batteries, etc.)rnThis book will show the reader that batteries are complex systems, whose successful commercialization has been the fruit of a great many projects in scientific research, empiricism and industrial know-how. The design of electrochemical accumulators has been the focus of an great deal of work, and sometimes compromise with a view to keeping them competitive and economically viable. rnSince the presentation of the lead-acid electrochemical accumulator by Gaston Palnte at the French Academie des Sciences in 1859, many other material couples for the purpose have emerged. Some have been abandonedor are very underdeveloped, because a number of disadvantages have not been completely resolved, rendering the technology insufficiently viable. Others have endured, such as nickel-cadmium (NiCd), introduced in 1899 by the Swede Waldemar Jungner (1869-1924) and developed primarily by Edison. Yet it was not until 1947 that Neumann succeeded in making the battery completely sealed, giving us the modern nickel-cadmium battery. The new generations of batteries are mostly sealed, either by obligation (lithium, NaS, chlorides, redox flow batteries, etc.) or to limit the need for maintenance.rnThe description of these different types of batteries is important, because the criteria for choosing a technology appropriate for a given application do not depend solely on the mass energy or the cost per kWh stored, as we might be led to think on the basis of the most commonplace analyses. There are other factors to be considered, such as the lifetime, the type of cycling, safety, etc. Therefore, this book will begin with a chapter which will show the diversity of applications for batteries and the main characteristics required of them in terms of storage. This first chapter will also demonstrate the diversity of the levels of current summed and energy stored (from the few mWh of a lithium battery in a wriswatch to the tens of MWh electricity storage for grid support), and also the diversity of the durations of discharge (which can range from a few minutes for emergency supply for computers to hundreds of hours to perserve data in an electronic device). Thus, it is clear that no single type of accumulator can serve for such diverse applications. Already, with lead and then nickel accumulators, there were different technologies to choose from, but the elements introduced recently - particularly lithium-based solutions - offers a far broader range of different technologies.rnAfter a second chapter which presents the definitions and measuring methods used in the world of electrochemical storage, and a thrid which gives examples of the applications of batteries, in the rest of this book describe the electrochemical cells developed recently (end of the 20th century) which are now being commercialized, as well as those whose future looks bright. Chapter 4-10 begin with lithium secondary batteries. Then, in chapter 12 describe high-temperature technologies (sodium/sulfur (NaS), ZEBRA and chloride) and redox flow systems.rn

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Ketersediaan

090101758

Tersedia

Informasi Detil

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

621.354 GLA l

Penerbit

Wiley - VCH : New Jersey., 2013

Deskripsi Fisik

xviii, 354 p.

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

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Klasifikasi

NONE

Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subyek

-

Info Detil Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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