Text

Electrical Engineering: Know IT All

---

The electrical characteristics of a transformer are determined by a number of factors including the core material and physical dimensions. The specifications for a transformer usually include the rated primary and secondary voltages and current the required power rating i.e. the maximum power, usually expressed in volt amperes, VA, which can be continously delivered by the transformer under a given set of conditions, the frequency range for the component usually stated as upper and lower working frequency limits, and the regulation of a transformer, usually expressed as a percentage of full load. This last specification is a measure of the ability of a transformer to maintain its rated output voltage under load.rnElectromagnetic compatibility (EMC) has now become a major consideration on any project involving the design, construction, manufacture and installation of electrical and electronic equipment and systems. Electrical equipment must be designed not only to meet a functional technical performance specification but due consideration must also be given to the interaction the equipment has with the electromagnetic environment in its intended operating location. If the equipment is expected to operate reliably in a steel works, for example, it is imperative that the designers, purchasers, installers and operators are aware of the nature of the electromagnetic environment and the potential for unwanted coupling to the equipment which could cause equipment mis operation or malfunction. For example, for safety related equipment, any interference to the operation of the system could have serious consequences. Equally, electromagnetic disturbance generated by the equipment itself could cause interferenceto radio reception. In the case domestic radio and TV reception this may adversely affect the quality of reception, but can also block emergency channels and in some cases, for example, a radio controlled crane, could cause malfunction with potential reliability and safety implications. Generally, both aspects of controlling emissions from the equipment and providing adequate immunity to the expected electromagnetic disturbances in the intended operating environment are key features of any equipment or system design.rnThe need for emission control has been recognized for many years and most countries have introduced legal regulations to support the efficient utilization of the electromagnetic spectrum. This is manifest in the form of requirements to comply with EMC emission standards in product certification. In some territories such as Europe and Australia, the legal requirements also address immunity aspects. For most manufacturers of good quality equipments this is not an added burden because they are keen to demonstrate to their customers that the equipment will prove to be reliable in the field, and moreover, recognize that any actual incidents ofmalfuction could be damaging and costly to the business.rnFortunately there are advantages for both equipment suppliers, purchasers and operators in the availability of nationally or internationally approved high quality EMC standards for both emissions and immunity which can be referenced in contractual agreements as well as providing an excellent foundation for the designers of the equipment. Manufacturers and users alike can apply these standards to their mutual advantage, particularly in the planning of major projects.rnEMC considerations need to be addressed at the outset of the development. It is well known that the cost of achieving EMC conformity rise almost exponentially with the delay in first considering the requirements. The key issue in addressing EMC matters is to adopt a strategic approach where the EMC requirements are recognized and clearly understood at the design concept stage, through the product development to in service use, and throughout the lifetime of the equipment. rn

---

Ketersediaan

090100850

Tersedia

Informasi Detil

Judul Seri

-

No. Panggil

621.3 ELE

Penerbit

Newnes : Amsterdam., 2008

Deskripsi Fisik

xix, 1105 p.

Bahasa

Indonesia

ISBN/ISSN

-

Klasifikasi

621.3 ELE

Tipe Isi

-

Tipe Media

-

Tipe Pembawa

-

Edisi

-

Subyek

-

Info Detil Spesifik

-

Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

-

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

Komentar

---

You must be logged in to post a comment