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Renewable Energy: Its Physics, Engineering, Use, Environmental Impacts, Economy and Planning Aspects
Renewable energy is the collective name for a number of energy resources available to man on earth. Their conversion has always played an important role for the inhabitants of the planet, and apart from a period of negligable length – relative to evolutionary and historical time scales – the renewable energy sources have been the only ones accessible to mankind.rnYet the study of renewable energy resources, their origin and conversion, may at present be characterised as an emerging science. During the past fifty years of scientific and technological revolution, much more effort has been devoted to the extraction and utilisation of non-renewable energy resources (fuels), than to the renewable ones. Only very recently have funds been made available to re-establish renewable energy research and development, and it is still unclear whether the technologies based on renewable energy sources will become able to constitute the backbone of future energy supply systems.rnThe purpose of the present book is to provide an incentive as well as a basis of reference of those working within the field of renewable energy. The discontinuity between earlier and present work on renewable energy, and the broadness of diciplines required for assessing many questions related to the use of renewable energy, have created a need for a comprehensive reference book, covering methods and principles, rather than specific engineering prescriptions of passing interest in a rapidly developing field.rnA survey of renewable energy has to draw upon a large number of individual scientific disciplines, ranging from astrophysics and upper atmospheric science over meteorology and geology to thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, solid state physics, etc. Specialist in each discipline often use a vocabulary recognised only by insiders, and they rarely emphasise the aspects pertinent to renewable energy. rnThe present edition has been updated in a number of renewable energy technology areas (Chapter 4 and 5), where progress has been made over the recent years. New solar simulation studies have been added to Chapter 6, and market consideration have been included in the overview in Chapter 1 and in discussing industry liberalisation in Chapter 7. The remarks on advanced subjects made in the preface to the second edition are still valid. A new growth area is fuel cells for stationary and mobile uses of hydrogen and other fuels. Only modest updates have been done in this area, as it is the subject of a new, companion book to be published about a year after this one (Sorensen: Hydrogen and fuel cells, Elsevier/Academic press). Some older material has been omitted or tidied up, and manoeuvring through the book has been eased, both for reference and for textbook uses. rnThis third edition of renewable energy is undoubtedly one of the most complete accounts of the subject, from source through to extraction and use. The book is academically rigorous, but accessible.rnThe author first describes the effect of the sun on the atmosphere and the creation of wind and waves, including the effects of global warming. For each type of renewable energy, from direct solar radiation to wind and biomass, there follows a technical description of the devices that can be used to transform the energy into useful forms. The author explores new solar cell types, including polymer and organic cells, new biofuel processes and new wave energy devices.rnThe final part of the book look at social and economic aspects of renewable energy – the costs of our current fuel bills versus new energy sources, and the difference it could make to developing as well as developed countries. The concept of whole new energy systems based around wind, solar, and other energies is put into a real-life context.rnKey features:rn• Reference paths: the reader may follow the general process from source through to distribution, or concentrate on a specific type of energy (e.g. wind power)rn• The material is divided into undergraduate text and advanced optionsrn• Details the significant expansion of the field since the publication of the previous edition rn• Updated material includes offshore wind technologies, polymer and organic solar cells, new developments in hydrogen storage, pipeline transmission, biofuel process and wave energy devices, evalluation of biomass options, and an outlook on the renewable energy marketrnRenewable energy is essential reading for undergraduates and graduates in earth science, environmental science, and engineering. Researchers will find it a useful reference tool. The book will also prove invaluable to consultants and planners working in both the public and private sectors of government and international agencies.rn
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