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Electric Circuit Analysis
The book is intended for a two semester or three quarter introductory course in linear lumped circuit analysis for the sophomore post secondary year. The first portion of the book may also be used for a one semester or two quarter terminal course for non majors. The development is calculus based, as are the physical laws upon which the methods of circuit analysis stand. The exposure to differential and integral calculus routinely acquired by the engineering or physical science student in the freshman year is adequate background. Other mathematical topics are raised in a limited and self contained manner, and are not assumed or required as prerequisite background. This includes the algebraic manipulation of complex numbers, vactor matrix formulation and solution of linera systems of equations singularity functions, and most particularly, the solution of linear time invariant differential equations. The first two are the subjects of sppendices and numerous examples and exercises, the later two are developed in the chapter in which they are needed. The third edition incorporates considerably more changes than its predecessor. The principal ways in which it differs from the second edition are:rnThe text narrative has been extensively rewritten. More than half the paragraphs are new, and many others have been reworked. The goal has been to clarify the flow of ideas and accommodate the changes in order and emphasis, while keeping the book to to its relatively compact size.rnSequence and order have been moderately reworked. Chapters on inedpendence of equations and network theorems have disappeared, the first to an appendix and the second scattered among several chapters in which the theorems arise more naturally in context. Laplace transforms are introduced somewhat earlier, after phasors and AC circuits, but in time to be used to simplify development of transfer functions and input output analysis without resort to the contrivance of complex frequency. Fourier series and transform are treated in a unified single chapter.rnMost examples and exercises are new. Previous editions had an unswerving commitment to easy numerics, like C = 1 Farad. Recognizing their motivational value, some more practical examples and exercises have been added to the mix. Sharp price reduction for scientific calculators over the last decade makes them now universally available. rnMost end of chapter problems are new. In response to requests from adopters, effort has been made to expand the range of difficulty, from drill to very challenging. The most challengingproblems have been set off as a separate group. In addition, those problems intended to be solved with aid of a digital computer are set off as a second separate group within the end of chapter problem sets containing them. Other problems not requiring computer support but for which an electronic calculator would be of significant benefit are marked with a calculator icon. Finally, just as several new examples and exercises have been added which emphasize practical values, for instance resistance in the kilohms range and current in the milliampere range, many new and of chapter problems are of this practical types as well.rnCircuit design, the payoff for studying circuit analysis is directing this skill towards the design of novel and useful electric circuits. Few practitioners view circuit analysis, the calculation of current and voltages in a specified circuit, as a fully satisfying end in itself. Engineering and applied scientists are characterized by an interest in building things, a desire to blend creativity and imagination with mathematical analysis to produce things that did not exist before, to create practical devices that satisfy design requirements and specifications. The universal availability of the circuit simulators SPICE and MicroSim PSpice make it cost effective (and safe) to challenge even the first year circuits student with design problems. rnSome topics have been expanded and new topics added. Op amps have been presented through a series of increasingly refined models, and the virtual short circuit principle justified in context of negative feedback circuits. Feedback, loading and the concept of modular “building blocks,” all essential to understanding modern linear op amp circuits, are introduced. The fundamental requirement of stability, sometimes overlooked in introductory circuits courses, and its link to frequency response and AC steady state is addressed. Design of active circuits using SPICE, an activity students find exciting and satisfying and which can stimulate interest in the more routine analysis tasks, is given space. rn
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