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Standard battery energy storage system profiles: Analysis of various applications for stationary energy storage systems using a holistic simulation framework

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Lithium-ion batteries are used for both stationary and mobile applications. While in the automotive industry
standard profiles are used to compare the performance and efficiency of competing vehicles, a similar comparative
metric has not been proposed for stationary battery energy storage systems. Because standard profiles
are missing, the comparable evaluation of different applications with respect to efficiency, long-term behavior
and profitability is very difficult or not possible at all. This work presents a method to create these standard
profiles and the results are available as open data for download. Input profiles including frequency data, industry
load profiles and household load profiles are transformed into storage profiles including storage power and state
of charge using a holistic simulation framework. Various degrees of freedom for the energy management system
as well as for the storage design are implemented and the results are post-processed with a profile analyzer tool
in order to identify six key characteristics, these being: full-equivalent cycles, efficiency, depth of cycles, resting
periods, number of changes of sign and energy throughput between changes of sign. All applications examined in
this paper show unique characteristics which are essential for the design of the storage system. E.g., the numbers
for annual full-equivalent cycles vary from 19 to 282 and the efficiency lies between 83% and 93%. With aid of
this work in conjunction with the open data results, users can test and compare their own cell types, operation
strategies and system topologies with those of the paper. Furthermore, the storage power profiles and state of
charge data can be used as a reference for lifetime and profitability studies for stationary storage systems.

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Ketersediaan

EJ20232

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Informasi Detil

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

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Penerbit

Elsevier Ltd. : ., 2020

Deskripsi Fisik

'21 p.

Bahasa

English

ISBN/ISSN

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Klasifikasi

NONE

Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

online resource

Edisi

Journal of Energy Storage 28 (2020) 101077

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Ejurnal

Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

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