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Infrastructure Planning for Electric Vehicles with Battery Swapping
E
lectric vehicles (EVs) have been proposed as a key technology to help cut down the massive greenhouse gas
emissions from the transportation sector. Unfortunately, because of the limited capacity of batteries, typical
EVs can only travel for about 100 miles on a single charge and require hours to be recharged. The industry
has proposed a novel solution centered around the use of “swapping stations,” at which depleted batteries can
be exchanged for recharged ones in the middle of long trips. The possible success of this solution hinges on
the ability of the charging service provider to deploy a cost-effective infrastructure network, given only limited
information regarding adoption rates. We develop robust optimization models that aid the planning process
for deploying battery-swapping infrastructure. Using these models, we study the potential impacts of battery
standardization and technology advancements on the optimal infrastructure deployment strategy.
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